How common is myopia?
Did you know that myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is becoming increasingly prevalent in today’s world? According to recent studies, the incidence of myopia has been on a steady rise, posing a significant concern for global eye health. Research conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that approximately 30% of the global population is affected by myopia in 2020, with projections suggesting that over half of the world’s population will be myopic by the year 2050. The use of the following myopia control options will be of utmost importance.
This trend calls for attention, but here’s the exciting part: we now have a range of effective treatments and strategies to combat myopia. Whether you’re already living with myopia, have a child at risk of myopia, or are simply interested in understanding more about this vision issue, read on to explore the various myopia control options available today. Discover how you can take charge of your eye health and take the steps to reduce the likelihood of yours or your child’s myopia.
How important is preventing myopia?
With the increasing prevalence of myopia and its potential long-term implications, it has become crucial to explore various treatment options available. Myopia not only affects your visual acuity, but can also lead to increased relative risk factors for conditions such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and macular degeneration later in life. By taking proactive steps to control myopia, we can not only improve visual clarity but also potentially reduce the risk of these sight-threatening conditions. The exciting part is that today, there are numerous treatment options beyond traditional methods like eyeglasses, contact lenses, and laser eye surgery that specifically target myopia control. These advanced techniques offer the possibility of slowing down the progression of myopia, providing a brighter and clearer future for those affected. In the following sections, we will delve into these myopia control options, exploring their benefits and suitability for different individuals.
Advanced Myopia Control Techniques
Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) for myopia control
Orthokeratology, commonly known as Ortho-K, is a non-surgical myopia control technique that involves the use of specialized gas-permeable contact lenses worn overnight. The primary goal of Ortho-K is to reshape the cornea gently, allowing for clear vision during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses. The lenses are designed to exert precise pressure on the cornea, flattening its central area and altering the way light is focused onto the retina. This reshaping effect corrects the refractive error associated with myopia.
One of the fascinating mechanisms behind Ortho-K’s effectiveness in myopia control is the concept of peripheral defocus. Studies have shown that peripheral defocus, or the distribution of blurred or unfocused light on the retina outside the central vision area, plays a role in influencing eye growth and myopia progression. By manipulating the corneal shape through Ortho-K, the lenses can induce a controlled peripheral defocus, redirecting the way light enters the eye and providing a signal to slow down the elongation of the eyeball, a primary factor contributing to myopia progression.
A study published in the Journal of Optometry by Santodomingo-Rubido et al. in 2019 explored the effects of Ortho-K on peripheral defocus and its impact on myopia progression. The findings revealed a significant reduction in peripheral hyperopic defocus, indicating that Ortho-K lenses effectively modify the peripheral visual environment. By creating a controlled peripheral defocus, Ortho-K lenses provide a signal that can potentially slow down the elongation of the eyeball, thus contributing to the control of myopia progression. This study, along with others in the field, underscores the promising role of peripheral defocus manipulation through Ortho-K in managing myopia.
Multifocal Contact Lenses for myopia control
Multifocal contact lenses are a specialized type of lenses designed to address both near and distance vision issues simultaneously. While commonly and initially used for presbyopia, a condition affecting near vision in older adults, multifocal lenses have also shown efficacy in myopia control. These lenses utilize a unique optical design that creates different focal points, allowing for clear vision at various distances. The key to how multifocal lenses help control myopia lies in their ability to manipulate peripheral defocus
Studies have shown that peripheral defocus, or the distribution of blurred or unfocused light on the retina outside the central vision area, plays a role in influencing eye growth and myopia progression. By incorporating specific zones or areas of varying focus powers in multifocal lenses, they create a controlled distribution of peripheral defocus. This peripheral defocus pattern provides a signal to the eye that helps slow down the elongation of the eyeball, which is a key factor contributing to myopia progression. The new MiSight Contact lens by CooperVision and the new ACUVUE Abiliti lens by Johnson and Johnson have both been designed specifically for children wanting to combat progressive myopia.
Multifocal lenses have proven to be effective in controlling myopia, as supported by various studies. In a 2019 publication by Sankaridurg et al. in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, the use of multifocal contact lenses for myopia control in children was thoroughly examined. The outcomes revealed a notable decrease in the advancement of myopia when compared to single-vision lenses. These findings underscore the potential of multifocal lenses as a valuable means for managing myopia and promoting the enduring well-being of one’s eyes.
Atropine Eye Drops: Slowing Myopia Progression
Introduction to atropine eye drops and their purpose in myopia control
Atropine eye drops have shown great promise in mitigating the advancement of myopia. Atropine, a widely used medication in the field of eye care, operates by obstructing the impact of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, on both the ciliary muscle and iris of the eye. Through this inhibition, atropine aids in the relaxation of the eye’s focusing mechanism, thereby alleviating strain on the eyeball and potentially decelerating the elongation process, a crucial aspect associated with the progression of myopia.
Numerous studies have provided strong support for the use of atropine eye drops in the management of myopia, with one notable example being the ATOM2 (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2) study. Published in 2015 by Chia et al. in the Journal of Ophthalmology, the ATOM2 study examined the impact of varying concentrations of atropine eye drops on the progression of myopia in children. The findings unequivocally indicated that even at low doses, atropine significantly impeded the advancement of myopia when compared to the control group. Notably, the study demonstrated that atropine maintained its efficacy in reducing myopia progression while simultaneously minimizing potential side effects. Building on these insights, a more recent study, the LAMP2 (Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression 2) conducted by JC Yam et. al., revealed that 0.05% atropine might yield superior long-term outcomes compared to the 0.01% concentration.
The precise mechanisms through which atropine eye drops decelerate the progression of myopia are currently undergoing thorough investigation. Nevertheless, numerous studies have shed light on the beneficial effects of atropine in managing myopia, offering valuable insights into its effectiveness. By influencing the signaling of neurotransmitters in the eye, notably acetylcholine, atropine plays a role in regulating eye growth and potentially retarding the advancement of myopia
Lifestyle Changes and Myopia Control
Outdoor Activities: The Power of Sunlight and Time Spent Outdoors
Exploring the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia progression
Extensive research has uncovered a fascinating correlation between outdoor activities and myopia, indicating that increased time spent outdoors could potentially offer protection against the onset and progression of myopia. Several studies have delved into this connection, unveiling compelling evidence that underscores the advantageous role of outdoor activities in mitigating the chances of developing myopia.
In a comprehensive meta-analysis published in JAMA Ophthalmology in 2015, Wu et al. conducted a study that examined the influence of outdoor activities on myopia. By synthesizing existing research, the study revealed a noteworthy correlation between extended time spent outdoors and a diminished likelihood of myopia development. Interestingly, the findings demonstrated that each additional hour devoted to outdoor activities per week was linked to a reduction in the odds of experiencing myopia. These compelling results provide robust evidence bolstering the significance of outdoor activities as a potential preventive measure against myopia.
The precise mechanisms by which outdoor activities influence myopia are currently the subject of ongoing investigation. However, researchers have put forth several hypotheses to shed light on this phenomenon. One theory posits that exposure to natural light, including specific wavelengths like the blue-light spectrum prevalent outdoors, might be involved in regulating the growth of the eye and averting myopia. Furthermore, the heightened involvement in visual tasks that involve focusing on distant objects and benefiting from the broader field of view provided by outdoor settings may contribute to diminishing the likelihood of developing myopia.
While the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia is compelling, it is important to note that outdoor time alone may not be a standalone solution for managing myopia. Factors such as genetics, near work activities, and overall visual habits also influence myopia progression. Nevertheless, promoting outdoor activities as part of a comprehensive approach to eye health and myopia control holds significant promise.
Recommended duration and frequency of outdoor time to reduce myopia progression
To reduce myopia progression, it is generally recommended that individuals, especially children, engage in regular outdoor activities. While specific guidelines may vary, a commonly suggested duration is spending at least 2 hours per day outdoors. This duration allows for exposure to natural light and the potential benefits it offers in regulating eye growth. Additionally, it is advisable to spread outdoor activities throughout the day rather than having a concentrated period of time. This means incorporating outdoor breaks during school or work hours and encouraging outdoor play or leisure activities in the evenings or weekends. By incorporating consistent and varied outdoor time, individuals can maximize the potential protective effects against myopia development and progression.
Screen Time Management: Reducing the Impact of Digital Devices
Understanding the connection between excessive screen time and myopia
There is growing evidence suggesting a relationship between excessive screen time and the development or progression of myopia. Prolonged exposure to digital screens, such as those on smartphones, tablets, and computers, can strain the eyes and potentially contribute to myopia. Numerous studies have investigated this connection, shedding light on the potential impact of excessive screen time on visual health.
In a notable study conducted by Dirani et al. and published in the journal Ophthalmology in 2018, the relationship between screen time and myopia was thoroughly investigated within a substantial cohort of children. The outcomes unveiled a compelling connection, showcasing a positive correlation between escalated screen time and the prevalence of myopia. These findings align with similar observations reported in other studies, collectively suggesting that excessive screen time could potentially serve as a risk factor for the development of myopia.
The mechanisms underlying the link between screen time and myopia are still being explored. One possible explanation is the “near work” hypothesis, which suggests that prolonged periods of focusing on near objects, such as screens, can lead to excessive strain on the eyes and disruption of normal visual development. Additionally, reduced time spent outdoors, which often accompanies increased screen time, may limit exposure to natural light and its protective effects against myopia.
While further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between excessive screen time and myopia, it is prudent to adopt healthy screen habits. This includes taking regular breaks, practicing proper posture, maintaining an appropriate viewing distance, and ensuring adequate lighting conditions. By being mindful of screen time and implementing these measures, individuals can help reduce the potential impact of excessive screen use on myopia development and safeguard their visual well-being.
Strategies for managing screen time effectively
To mitigate the potential risks of excessive screen time on myopia and overall eye health, it is essential to adopt strategies for managing screen time effectively. Here are some practical recommendations:
a. Set Screen Time Limits:
Establish clear guidelines for daily screen time and ensure that they are age-appropriate. Consider using parental control features or screen time management apps to enforce these limits and encourage a healthy balance between screen-based activities and other pursuits.
b. Take Regular Breaks:
Encourage frequent breaks from screen use to give the eyes a chance to rest and recover. The 20-20-20 rule is a useful guideline: every 20 minutes, look away from the screen and focus on an object at least 20 feet away for about 20 seconds (as a bonus, also blink 20 times!).
c. Encourage Outdoor Activities:
Promote outdoor play and recreation as an alternative to screen time. Spending time outdoors exposes the eyes to natural light, which may have protective effects against myopia. Encourage children and adults alike to engage in outdoor activities, such as sports, nature walks, or simply enjoying time in the sunlight.
d. Optimize Screen Ergonomics:
Ensure that screens are positioned at an appropriate distance and angle to minimize eye strain. The screen should be approximately an arm’s length away and positioned slightly below eye level. Adjust the brightness and contrast settings to reduce eye fatigue, and consider using blue light filters or glasses to reduce exposure to potentially harmful blue light emitted by screens.
e. Encourage Diverse Activities:
Encourage a balanced range of activities beyond screens, including reading physical books, engaging in hobbies, socializing with friends and family, and participating in physical exercise. This variety helps reduce excessive screen time and provides a holistic approach to overall well-being.
By adopting and implementing these strategies, individuals can successfully regulate their screen time and alleviate the potential hazards linked to excessive screen usage. It remains crucial to foster a healthy relationship with technology, prioritize visual hygiene, and cultivate a lifestyle that includes a balance of screen-related engagements and other activities
Using technology to optimize the treatment and management
Measuring Axial Length to Monitor Myopia Progression
Monitoring the progression of myopia is crucial for implementing timely interventions and assessing the effectiveness of treatment options. One valuable method used in clinical practice is measuring axial length. Axial length refers to the distance from the cornea to the retina and is closely associated with the elongation of the eyeball, what is though to be the key factor in myopia progression.
A study published in the journal Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science in 2018 by Tideman et al. explored the use of axial length measurements in monitoring myopia progression. The research highlighted the importance of regular axial length assessments as a reliable indicator of myopia progression. By measuring axial length at specific intervals, eye care professionals can track changes over time and determine the rate of elongation, providing valuable information for clinical decision-making.
Various techniques are used to measure axial length, including optical biometry and ultrasound. Optical biometry utilizes non-invasive optical technology to precisely measure the length of the eye, while ultrasound biometry uses sound waves to achieve similar measurements. These methods enable accurate and objective assessments of axial length, providing valuable data for monitoring myopia progression.
Regular axial length measurements offer several benefits in managing myopia. They help identify individuals at higher risk of rapid progression, enabling early intervention strategies. Additionally, they aid in evaluating the effectiveness of myopia control interventions, such as orthokeratology, multifocal lenses, or atropine treatment, by assessing their impact on axial length changes over time.
In clinical practice, eye care professionals use axial length measurements in conjunction with other clinical parameters, such as refractive error and visual acuity, to gain a comprehensive understanding of myopia progression. By employing this monitoring approach, practitioners can tailor treatment plans, make informed decisions, and provide personalized care to individuals with myopia. The team at Prpic Eyecare Centre invested in the newest technology and now carries the Zeiss IOL Master in order to accurately track axial length in individuals with myopia.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the rising incidence of myopia has sparked a growing interest in understanding and exploring effective treatment options. We have discussed various myopia control methods, including orthokeratology, multifocal lenses, atropine eye drops, and the importance of lifestyle changes such as outdoor time. These options offer promising avenues for managing and slowing down myopia progression. However, it is essential to emphasize the need for individualized care and professional guidance when considering these treatments. Regular eye examinations, measuring axial length, and monitoring lifestyle factors such as screen time play crucial roles in managing myopia. By staying informed, adopting healthy visual habits, and collaborating with your optometrist during your eye exam, we can make informed decisions and take proactive steps towards preserving our vision and promoting long-term eye health. Remember, while myopia control options continue to evolve, our commitment to maintaining a balanced and healthy lifestyle remains paramount.
We invite you to delve deeper into the realm of myopia control and discover its potential benefits. Take the initiative to schedule a consultation at our specialized myopia control clinic, where our experienced optometrists will provide guidance tailored to your specific visual requirements. At Prpic Eyecare Centre, we recognize the individuality of each patient and are committed to delivering personalized care. To learn more about myopia control and unlock its transformative potential for your vision and lifestyle, reach out to us today. Contact us at 604-337-2575 or send an email to info@prpiceyecare.com. Our dedicated team is ready to address your inquiries and assist you in making an informed decision regarding your vision and ocular health.
